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Section: Sounds

This section covers a selection of the topics listed below. The lecturers were encouraged to shape their courses based on the individual properties of the language at issue and their own linguistic and pedagogical views.

  • phonemes
    inventories of segments (consonants, vowels, glides), relevant contrasts, suprasegmentals
  • syllables
    syllabic structures, evidence (metrics, syllable-based phonological processes, possible nuclei and onsets
  • feet
    rhythmical patterns, foot-based phonological processes
  • prosodic words
    stress domain, syllabification, internal sandhi, clisis
  • phonological phrases
    external sandhi, clitic domains
  • intonational phrases
    relevant accentuation and deaccentuation phenomena

Old Albanian

Old Albanian, sounds, unit 1

SQI-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49079

segmental phonology and writing: phonology and spelling of the modern standard language, modern dialects, Old Geg and Old Tosk

slides

Classical Armenian

Class. Armenian, sounds, unit 1

XCL-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48956

segments: consonants, stops and affricates (including dialectal contrasts), consonant alternations

slides

Class. Armenian, sounds, unit 2

XCL-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48955

segments: vowels and diphthongs, vowel alternations, exceptions and rare alternations

slides

Class. Armenian, sounds, unit 3

XCL-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48954

vowel alternations and stress, final stress, pronunciation, consonant clusters, schwa, syllable structure

slides

Avestan

Avestan, sounds, unit 1

AVE-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49086

problems in the tradition, segmental phonology, phonological inventory, allophones

slides

Avestan, sounds, unit 2

AVE-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49087

phonetics, regional dialectal features in the language of the Avesta, illustration: the Zarathustra fragment

slides

Gothic

Gothic, sounds, unit 1

GOT-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49511

orthographic interpretation and phonemic system: spelling-sound correspondences, segmental inventory, phonemic analysis

slides

Gothic, sounds, unit 2

GOT-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49498

syllabification and prosodic phonology: evidence for syllable structure, syllabification rules, stress, foot, clitics and prosodic words

slides

Gothic, sounds, unit 3

GOT-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49510

morphophonology: s-deletion, fricative substitution, i-epenthesis, a-epenthesis, Thurneysen's law, reduplication

slides

Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek, sounds, unit 1

GRC-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48906

segments: consonant phonemes, geminates, vowels, diphthongs, evidence for realization

slides

Ancient Greek, sounds, unit 2

GRC-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48907

accentuation: evidence and realization, accent laws, accent assignment

slides

Ancient Greek, sounds, unit 3

GRC-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/48908

syllables, suprasegmentals, prosodic words: on dissimilation, epenthesis, assimilation and coda deletion.

slides

Hittite

Hittite, sounds, unit 1

HIT-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49522

segments:
inventory, vowels, stops, fricatives, affricates, sonorants

slides

Hittite, sounds, unit 2

HIT-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49521

phonological processes:
changes affecting vowels and consonants

slides

Hittite, sounds, unit 3

HIT-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49520

suprasegmental:
syllable structure, accent and prosody, clitics

slides

Old Irish

Old Irish, sounds, unit 1

SGA-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49236

phonemes: consonants, vowels and diphthongs

slides

Old Irish, sounds, unit 2

SGA-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49237

spelling: overview, consonants, vowels, marking of palatalisation

slides

Old Irish, sounds, unit 3

SGA-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49238

morphophonemics: stress, mutations, palatalisation, metaphony, syncope

slides

Early Latin

Early Latin, sounds, unit 1

LAT-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49065

phonemes, phonological changes: phoneme system of Early Latin, changes, processes, variants

slides

Early Latin, sounds, unit 2

LAT-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49064

syllables, constraints and phonotactics, sandhi, Early Latin accentuation, iambic shortening

slides

Old Lithuanian

Old Lithuanian, sounds, unit 1

OLT-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49472

segmental phonology: consonants, vowels, diphthongs

slides

Old Lithuanian, sounds, unit 2

OLT-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49471

suprasegmentals, prosodic words: accents, clitics

slides

Old Church Slavonic

OCS, sounds, unit 1

CHU-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49459

phonology: phonemes, phoneme classes, phonotactic constraints, syllables, feet, p-words, clisis

slides

Tocharian

Tocharian, sounds, unit 1

TOC-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49259

phonemes, segments (vowels and diphthongs, consonants), phonological processes

slides

Tocharian, sounds, unit 2

TOC-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49258

suprasegmentals: stress accent in Tocharian B, evidence from alternations

slides

Tocharian, sounds, unit 3

TOC-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49257

syllables: role of the syllable in Tocharian meter, syllable types, illustrative example

slides

Early Vedic

Early Vedic, sounds, unit 1

VED-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49484

segmental inventory: phonetics, vowels (including diphthongs and syllabic resonants), consonants (stops, fricatives, approximants), traces of laryngeal *H

slides

Early Vedic, sounds, unit 2

VED-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49489

segmental processes: notion of sandhi, vowel coalescence, neutralization, retroflexion, assimilation, Grassmann and Bartholomae

slides

Early Vedic, sounds, unit 3

VED-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49488

prosodic structure: stress, accent system, syllable structure and repair, feet and weight contour, prosodic words, prosodic phrases and sandhi, intonation phrases

slides