about


Lecturers

Christiane Bulut

University of Cyprus

Stilianos Irakleous

University of Cyprus

Maria Petrou

Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen

Turkic is a newcomer in the area; for centuries, it functioned as a means of communication between different people of Central and West Asia.
TUR-ABOUT
The present teaching units offer an overview of varieties of Turkic in the area, integrating special sections on Western Thrace Turkish and Karamanlindika.

introduction

The origins of Turkic
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-INT-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6340409

early history, Hsiung-Nu empire, Ancient Eastern Turkic, Ancient Western Turkic, Qipchak Turkic, Language classification

slides

Varieties in the target area
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-INT-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6340409

Anatolia, Standard Turkish, Standard Azeri, varieties of Turkic spoken across the target area, Central and Southern Oghuz varieties

slides

WT Turkish: Introduction
by M. Petrou

TUR-INT-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6342642

overview, geographical region, Balkan/Rumelian Turkish, Classification of Balkan Turkish dialects, Basilect, Mesolect, Acrolect

slides

Karamanlidika
by S. Irakleous

TUR-INT-004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6336276

what is karamanlidika? writing systems, phonology, morphology, syntax

slides

discussion, exercises

People usually adjust their linguistic and communicative behaviour to closely resemble the behaviour of their interlocutor.
Many Western Thrace Turkish speakers of the old generation wouldn’t switch to Standard Turkish during a conversation with a speaker of Standard Turkish.
Can you think of possible reasons?

phonology

Phonology
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6345233

transcription systems, vowels (basic inventory, contact-induced changes), consonants

slides

WTT: Phonology-Phonetics
by M. Petrou

TUR-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6342642

subphonemical differences to Standard Turkish, phonetic variation, lexical doublets

slides

discussion, exercises

Western Thrace Turkish: There are basilect-speakers who pronounce both /g/ and /k/ in word initial position, e.g. [gız] and [kʰız] ‘girl’.

  • What could be the reasons of this variation?
  • Can you think of possible contexts in which they would use the basilectal variant and contexts in which they would use the acrolectal variant?

morphology

Morphology, sound harmony
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-MOR-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6345233

agglutination, morphology, morphonology, suprasegmental sound harmony, deviations

slides

WTT: Morphology
by M. Petrou

TUR-MOR-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6342642

acrolect, basilect, present forms, Komotini and Xanthi paradigms, clitic, interrogative particle

slides

discussion, exercises

Morphological segmentation and harmonic suffixes:

morphology:
exercise
morphology:
solution

syntax

Simple Sentences
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-SYN-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6345233

word order, verb and argument structure, simple sentences, SOV

slides

Complex sentences
by Chr. Bulut

TUR-SYN-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6345233

complex sentences, non-finite verb forms, relative constructions, adverbial clauses

slides

WTT: Syntax
by M. Petrou

TUR-SYN-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6342642

accusative and dative, word order, non-final position, postverbal elements

slides

sources

The following list contains the cited literature and some additional recommendations by the lecturers, focusing on the literature on Anatolian dialects and Turkic varieties of the periphery.


Lexica

Clauson, Sir Gerald 1972. An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Derleme Sözlüğü, 1963 – 1979, 11 vols. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Tarama Sözlüğü 1965-1977. XIII. Yüzyıldan Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplardan Toplanan Tanıklarıyla Tarama Sözlüğü. 8 cilt. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.


Turkish dialectology

Brendemoen, Bernt 2021. Turkish Dialects. In: Lars Johanson & Éva Á. Csató (eds.). The Turkic Languages. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 236-241.
Buran, Ahmet 2011. Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarının Tasnifleri üzerine bir Değerlendirme. Turkish Studies - International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic. Volume 6/1 Winter 2011, p. 41-54.
Karahan, Leylâ 1996. Anadolu Ağızlarının Sınıflandırılması. (Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 630) Ankara: TDK
Aksoy, Ömer Asım 1945-1946. Gaziantep Ağzı. 1inci cilt: Gramer (Fonetik – Morfoloji – Sintaks), başka diller ve ağızlarla ilgiler, Halk ağızından parçalar. 2nci cilt: Deyimler, meşhur sözler, atasözler, beddualar. 3üncü cilt: Sözlük ve kullanılmıyan kelimeler. İstanbul: İbrahim Horoz Basımevi (TDK 23)ç
Buran, Ahmet 1997. Keban, Baskil ve Ağın Yöresi Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Caferoğlu, Ahmet 1995 (reprint). Anadolu İlleri Ağızlarından Derlemeler. Van, Bitlis, Muş, Karaköse, Eskişehir, Bolu ve Zonguldak İllerı Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Caferoğlu, Ahmet 1994 (reprint). Anadolu Ağızlarından Toplamalar. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Caferoğlu, Ahmet 1995 (reprint). Doğu İllerimiz Ağızlarından Toplamalar. Kars, Erzurum, Çoruh İlbaylıkları Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Caferoğlu, Ahmet 1995 (reprint). Güney Doğu İllerimiz Ağızlarından Toplamalar. Malatya, Elâzığ, Tunceli, Gaziantep ve Maraş Vilayetleri Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Caferoğlu, Ahmet 1994 (reprint). Sivas ve Tokat İlleri Ağızlarından Toplamalar. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Dallı, Hüseyin 1991. Kuzeydoğu Bulgaristan Türk Ağızları Üzerine Araştırmalar. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Doğan, Ahmet 1975. Kilis ve Köyleri (Hasaneli, Eğrikânlı, Tahtalı, Tibil ve Oylum) Ağzı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyat Bölümü Tezi No: 1875 (Yöneten: S. Buluç) (unpublished)
Edip, (Urfalı) Kemal 1991 (2.baskı). Urfa Ağzı. Ankara: TDK
Ercilasun, Ahmet B. 1971/2002. Kars İli Ağızları. Ses Bilgisi. Ankara Gazi Üniversitesi.
Erten, Münir 1994. Diyarbakır Ağzı. İnceleme, metinler, sözlük. Ankara: TDKY 556
Gemalmaz, Efrasiyap 1978, Erzurum İli Ağızları. 3 cilt. I. Cilt: İnceleme-Metinler-Sözlük ve Dizinler. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Basımevi.
Gülensoy, Tuncer & Buran, Ahmet 1994. Elazığ Yöresi ağızlarından derlemeler 1 [Material on the dialects of the Elazığ region ]. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Gülseren, Cemil 2000. Malatya İli Ağızları (İnceleme – Metinler – Sözlük ve Dizinler). Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Kemal Edip (Urfalı) 1991 (reprint). Urfa Ağzı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu.
Korkmaz, Zeynep 1994. Nevşehir ve Yöresi Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Olcay, Selâhattin 1995. Erzurum Ağzı. İnceleme – Derleme – Sözlük. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Sağır, Mukim 1995. Erzincan ve Yöresi Ağızları. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Yıldırım, Faruk 2006. Adana ve Osmaniye illeri ağızları. 2 vols. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Zülfikar, Hamza 1968. Bitlis’te derlenmiş atasözleri, deyimler, alkış, kargış ve bilmeceler. Türkoloji 3, 65-105.


Iraq Turkic

Bulut, Christiane 2018. Iraq-Turkic. In: Geoffrey Haig & Geoffrey Khan (eds.). The languages and linguistics of Western Asia: An areal perspective . Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2018, pp. 354-384.
Hassan, Hussin Shahbaz 1979. Kerkük Ağzı. PhD dissertation, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyat Bölümü.
Haydar, Choban Khıdır 1979. Irak Türkmen Ağızları. (Metinler - İnceleme - Sözlük) . PhD dissertation, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyat Bölümü.


Iran Turkic

Bulut, Christiane 2018. The Turkic varieties of Iran. In: Geoffrey Haig & Geoffrey Khan. The languages and linguistics of Western Asia: An areal perspective. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter Mouton 2018, pp. 398-444.
Hacaloğlu, Recep Albayrak 1992. Azeri Türkçesi Dil Kılavuzu. Ankara: TTK
Sönmez, Işıq 1998. Untersuchungen zu den aserbaidschanischen Dialekten von Qaradaş, Muğan und Zäncan. Göttingen: Pontus.
Tulu, Sultan 1989. Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalât bei Esfarâyen. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag.


Azeri

Širaliyev, M. Š. 1983. Dialektı i govorı Azerbajdschanskogo Jazıka. Baku: Izdatel’stvo Älm.


Cyprus Turkish

Demir, Nurettin 2002. Kıbrıs Ağızları üzerine. In: Nurettin Demir & Fikret Turan (eds.), Scholary Depth and Accuracy. A Festschrift to Lars Johanson. Ankara: Grafiker, 101-110.
Demir, Nurettin 2010. Zum fokalen Präsens in den zyperntürkischen Dialekten. In: Hendrik Boeschoten & Julian Rentzsch. Turcology in Mainz. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 123-134.
Demir, Nurettin & Johanson, Lars 2006. Dialect contact in Northern Cyprus. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. The Sociolinguistics of Cyprus II, 1-11.
Demir, Nurettin 2018. Cypriot Turkish. In: Christiane Bulut (ed.). Linguistic Minorities in Turkey and Turkic-Speaking Minorities of the Periphery. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 45-72.
Duman, Musa 1999. Kıbrıs Ağzı Üzerine Bazı Notlar. İlmı Araştırmaları 8,115-130.
Gulle, Ozan V. 2011. Structural borrowings in Cypriot Turkish from Cypriot Greek. Matthias Kappler & Werner Arnold (eds.), Mediterranean Language Review 18, 91-114.
İmer, Kamile & Nazmiye Çelebi 2006. The Intonation of Turkish Cypriot dialect. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. The Sociolinguistics of Cyprus II, 69-82.
Kappler, Matthias 2008. Contact-induced effects in the syntax of Cypriot Turkish. Turkic Languages 12/2, 203-220.
Matthias Kappler & Stavroula Tsiplakou 2018, Mish and misimu: an instance of language contact in Cyprus. In: Christiane Bulut (ed.). Linguistic Minorities in Turkey and Turkic-Speaking Minorities of the Periphery . Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 275-282.
Osam, Necdet & Kelepir, Meltem 2006. Bibliography of studies on Turkish Cypriot dialect. International Journal of the Sociology of Language. The Sociolinguistics of Cyprus II, 107-118.
Varella, Stavroula 2005, Language contact and the lexicon in the history of Cypriot Greek. Peter Lang.


Balkan Turkish

Doerfer, G. 1990. Die Stellung des Osmanischen im Kreis des Oghusischen und seine Vorgeschichte. In G. Hazai (ed.), Handbuch der türkischen Sprachwissenschaft Teil I. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 13–34.
Eckmann, J. 1941. Die türkische Mundart von Warna. Kőrösi - Csoma - Archivum III, (1941– 1943), 144–214.
Eckmann, J. 1960. Dinler (Makedonya) Türk Ağzı. Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı Belleten 1960, 189–204.
Eckmann, J. 1962. The Turkish Dialect of Edirne. In: N. Poppe (ed.), American Studies in Altaic Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications, 45–69.
Friedman, A. V. 2006. West Rumelian Turkish in Macedonia and adjacent areas. In: H. Boeschoten & L. Johanson (eds.), Turkic Languages in Contact. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 27–45.
Hazai, G. 1959. Les Dialectes Turcs du Rhodope. Acta Orientalia Akademiae Scientiarium Hungaricae 9(2), 205–229.
Kalay, E. 1998. Edirne İli Ağızları, İnceleme – Metin. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu.
Kappler, M. 2002. Türkisch (in Südosteuropa). In: M. Okuka (ed.), Wieser Enzyklopädie des Europäischen Ostens. Klagenfurt/Celovec, Wien, Ljubljana: Wieser, 817–834.
Kowalski, T. 1934. Osmanisch-türkische Dialekte. Enzyklopädie des Islam Bd. 4. Leiden: Brill – Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 991–1011.
Mollova, M. 1973–1974. Balkanlarda Türk e-Ağızları. Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2–3, 356–414.
Mollova, M. 1977–1978. Balkanlarda Merkez Bölgede Gakçı Ağızları. Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 6–7, 239–306.
Mollova, M. 1980. Parallel syntaxique entre la langue turque des Colloquia et celle des textes turcs transcrits et les parlers turcs balkaniques occidentaux. Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlands 72, 123–145.
Németh, J. 1953. Le passage ö>ü dans les parlers turcs de la Roumélie nord-ouest. Rocznik Orientalistyczny XVII, 114–121.
Németh, J. 1956. Zur Einteilung der türkischen Mundarten Bulgariens. Sofia: Bulgarische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
Németh, J. 1965. Die Türken von Vidin. Sprache, Folklore, Religion. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
Olcay, S. 1966. Doğu Trakya Yerli Ağzı. İnceleme - Derleme - Dizin. Ankara: Atatürk Üniversitesi.
Sureja, J. 1987. Prizrenski Turski Govor. Priština: Jedinstvo.


Western Thrace Turkish

Kyranoudis, P. 1996–1998. I glossa ton tourkofonon mousoulmanon tis Thrakis. Elliniki Dialektologia, 5, 113–139.
Petrou, M. 2010. Einige phonetische und morphologische Besonderheiten in einem türkischen Text aus Komotini (Westthrakien). In: M. Kappler, M. Kirchner & P. Zieme (eds.), Trans-Turkic Studies, Festschrift in Honour of Marcel Erdal. Istanbul: Mehmet Ölmez, 237–265.
Petrou, M. 2015. Lexical borrowings and code-switching in Turkish varieties of Western Thrace. In: D. Zeyrek, Ç. S. Şimşek, U. Ataş, & J. Rehbein (Eds.), Ankara Papers in Turkish and Turkic Linguistics. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 440–452.
Petrou, M. 2018. Spoken Turkish of the Komotini Region: Phenomena of Language Contact. In: C. Bulut (Ed.), Linguistic Minorities in Turkey and Turkic-Speaking Minorities of the Periphery. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 295–307.
Petrou, M. 2019. Diglossia Features and Bilingualism in the Turkish-Speaking community of Western Thrace. In: C. Tzitzilis & G. Papanastasiou (eds.), Language Contact in the Balkans and Asia Minor 1. Thessaloniki: Institouto Neoellinikon Spoudon, 222–232.
Petrou, M. 2021. Der türkische Dialekt von Westthrakien. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.