about introduction sounds words structures references



AI Grammars
Mayan languages
Anatolia, Caucasus, Iran, Mesopotamia

about

Tocharian

is the most recently discovered branch of Indo-European. Though being the easternmost subphylum of IE, Tocharian is centum (see introduction). The branch consists of the two languages Tocharian A and Tocharian B, which were mutually unintelligible. A third one, Tocharian C, is attested in a few loanwords in Gāndhārī (see sounds). The languages are remarkable for intricate palatalization patterns (see words), a completely restructured morphology (especially in the noun, with agglutinative secondary cases) and remarkable morpho-syntactic properties like group inflection (see structures).

Lecturers

Gerd Carling

University of Lund

Hannes Fellner

University of Vienna

introduction

Tocharian, intro, unit 1

TOC-INT-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49262

place in Eastern Central Asia, subsistence and harsh climate, the discovery of Tocharian, who were the Tocharians? Tocharian A, B, C

 slides

Tocharian, intro, unit 2

TOC-INT-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49261

BMAC and Turkic loans in Tocharian, Tocharian loans in Chinese, Tocharian loans from Old/Middle Chinese, Indoeuropean origin of Tocharian

 slides

Tocharian, intro, unit 3

TOC-INT-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49260

writing system, dating of Tocharian texts, Tocharian corpus, location of documents, contents, text samples, sources for studying Tocharian

 slides

sounds

Tocharian, sounds, unit 1

TOC-PHO-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49259

phonemes, segments (vowels and diphthongs, consonants), phonological processes

 slides

Tocharian, sounds, unit 2

TOC-PHO-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49258

suprasegmentals: stress accent in Tocharian B, evidence from alternations

 slides

Tocharian, sounds, unit 3

TOC-PHO-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49257

syllables: role of the syllable in Tocharian meter, syllable types, illustrative example

 slides

words

Tocharian, words, unit 1

TOC-MOR-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49256

morphological overview, stem formation: derivation

 slides

Tocharian, words, unit 2

TOC-MOR-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49255

stem formation: compounding, right-headedness, types of compounds

 slides

Tocharian, words, unit 3

TOC-MOR-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49254

inflection: declension (two-level case system), and conjugation

 slides

structures

Tocharian, structures, unit 1

TOC-STR-001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49253

word classes, typological overview, nominal structure, linearization, gender, number, case, referentiality, text sample

 slides

Tocharian, structures, unit 2

TOC-STR-002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49252

adpositional structure, predication (alignment, clitics, case, null arguments, possessives, voice, valency, aspect, tense, text sample

slides

Tocharian, structures, unit 3

TOC-STR-003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5446/49251

clause: word order, negation, modality, speech acts, clause combining, phraseology and translation, text sample

 slides

references

Lecturers' references

selection out of the lecturers’ references, enriched by Florian Fischer and project members:


general

general introductions, encyclopedias, literature, writing, history, miscellaneous


Carling, Gerd. 2005. Proto-Tocharian, Common Tocharian, and Tocharian – on the value of linguistic connections in a reconstructed language. In Jones-Bley, Karlene (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Washington: The Institute for the Study of Man. 47–70.
Fortson, Benjamin W. 2010. Indo-European Language and Culture: an Introduction. 2nd ed. Chichester: Blackwell Wiley. (Chapter on Anatolian pp. 170-201)
Mallory, James P. & Adams, Douglas Q. 2006. The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and The Proto-Indo-European world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Malzahn, Melanie. 2007. Instrumenta Tocharica. Heidelberg: Winter.
Pokorny, Julius. 1959. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Tübingen: Francke.


grammar

grammars, treatments of major grammatical domains


Krause, Wolfgang & Werner, Thomas. 1960. Tocharisches Elementarbuch. 1. Teil. Heidelberg: Winter.
Krause, Wolfgang & Werner, Thomas. 1964. Tocharisches Elementarbuch. 2. Teil. Heidelberg: Winter.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 1987. Introduction au Tokharien. Paris: Presses de l'ecole normale supérieure.
Pinault, Georges-Jean. 2008. Chrestomathie tokharienne: textes et grammaire. Leuven: Peeters.
Sieg, Emil & Siegling, Wilhelm & Schulze, Wilhelm. 1931. Tocharische Grammatik. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.


lexicon

dictionaries, headword search tools, further sources of information about the lexicon


Adams, Douglas Q. 2013. Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and Greatly Enlarged. Leiden: Brill.
Carling, Gerd & Pinault, Georges-Jean. 2009. A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Tocharian A. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.


text

text collections, corpora, treebanks


Gippert, Jost & Martinez, Javier & Korn, Agnes. TITUS Tocharian Manuscripts. TITUS: Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien. (Accessed 2021-07-07.)
Malzahn, Melanie. 2011-2018. A Comprehensive Edition of Tocharian Manuscripts (CEToM). University of Vienna. (Accessed 2021-07-07.)
Malzahn, Melanie et al. 2021. Turfanforschung. Berlin-brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaft. (Accessed 2021-07-07.)


teaching material

coursebooks, exercises, materials or introductions supporting teaching


Krause, B. Todd & Slocum, Jonathan. 2007-2010. Early Indo-European Online: Tocharian Online. University of Texas: Linguistics Research Centre. (Accessed 2021-07-07.)